Anatomy: The cavity of the chest with the lungs and heart is protected by 12 sets of ribs which are attached to the thoracic vertebrae to the rear, and the breastbone at the front. Muscles are fastened on the ribs which assist breathing amongst other things.

Symptoms: Pain when applying pressure (direct or indirect tenderness), and when breathing deeply.

Examination: The diagnosis can usually be made by normal medical examination. The fracture can be seen by ultrasonography (Ultrasonic image), but rare by X-rays (article). X-ray examination is rarely indicated.

Treatment: Treatment primarily comprises rest. Paracetamol possibly combined with weak morphine type drugs, can be used as painkillers.

Rehabilitation: Rehabilitation can begin as soon as the pain can permit. Elapse of a couple of months must be expected before contact sports can be resumed.
Also read rehabilitation, general.

Tape: Compression bandage has only limited pain relieving effect on rib fractures.

Complications: If there is not a steady improvement in the condition a medical examination should be performed once more to ensure that the diagnosis is correct. If sudden shortness of breath occurs, this can be due to the sharp end of the rib fracture having punctured the lung. If this is suspected, medical attention should be sought immediately for examination and possible treatment.