Kategoriarkiv: Arm, lower

treatment-article1

Acute compartment syndrome

SportNetDoc

Acute compartment syndrome of the triceps. A case report.

Cameron SE. Acta Orthop Scand 1993 Feb;64(1):107-8.

A case of an acute compartment syndrome of the triceps muscle complicating a surgical neck fracture of the humerus is presented. Diagnosis was suspected because of pain with passive elbow flexion and pain out of proportion to the clinical situation. Diagnosis was confirmed with intracompartmental pressure measurements. An emergency fasciotomy was performed. The patient had an excellent result.

cause-article

Acute compartment syndrome

SportNetDoc

Acute compartment syndrome due to closed muscle rupture.

Gwynne Jones DP, Theis JC. Aust N Z J Surg 1997 Apr;67(4):227-8.

Acute compartment syndrome has multiple causes: fractures, crush injury, vascular trauma and burns. Exertional compartment syndrome may be acute (progressive) or chronic (usually reversible). The acute form usually occurs after intensive exercise. Closed muscle rupture is an uncommon cause with few reports. We report two cases, in the peroneal compartment of the leg and the flexor compartment of the forearm, to show that a high index of suspicion, allowing prompt diagnosis and fasciotomy, will enable a full recovery without complications.

KONDITION

step4

Chronic compartment syndrome

[Back]

Training ladder for:
CHRONIC COMPARTMENT SYNDROME IN THE FOREARM
(CHRONIC KOMPARTMENTSYNDROM)

STEP 4
KONDITION
Unlimited: Cycling. Swimming. Running.

UDSPÆNDING
(20 min)

Stand with outstretched arm by your side with fist lightly clenched. Rotate your arm so that the thumb is drawn inwards and backwards as far as possible. Bend your wrist as far as it can go, so that the back of the hand faces downwards. Hold the position for 20 seconds and relax for 20 seconds before repeating.

Go down on all fours with your fingers and elbow facing towards the knees. Your arms should be outstretched. Move your body backwards so that increased stretching is felt in the forearm. Hold the position for 20 seconds and relax for 20 seconds before repeating.

Sit at a table with the injured arm hanging over the edge with the palm facing downwards. Use the other arm to apply pressure on the back of the injured hand so that the injured lower arm becomes increasingly stretched on the upper side. Repeat the exercise where the injured hand is alternately pressed from side to side. The injured arm should finally be turned over and the exercise repeated by pressing the underside of the hand so that the injured lower arm becomes increasingly stretched on the under side. The stretching positions should be held for 20 seconds followed by 20 seconds of rest before repeating.

Bend your wrist up as far as possible and press with the opposite hand. Hold the position for 20 seconds. Repeat the exercise pressing the wrist downwards. Hold the position for 20 seconds.

Press your hands together and lift your elbows while holding your arms in front of your chest. Hold the position for 20 seconds and relax for 20 seconds before repeating.

STYRKE
(40 min)

Using an elastic band around the back of the injured hand, move the wrist upwards while keeping the elastic taut.

Sit at a table with the side of the injured hand resting on the table edge. Place the elastic around the thumb, draw it downwards over the back of the hand and hold with the good hand. Slowly rotate the lower arm from side to side to stretch the elastic.

Let the injured hand hang over the edge of a table with the palm facing downwards. Move the hand slowly up and down while holding a weight. Support the injured arm with the good arm.

Lie on your back with support at the elbow. Slowly bend and stretch the elbow while holding a weight.

Squeeze a soft ball.

Put an elastic band around your fingers. Spread your fingers so that the elastic is stretched.

Let the injured hand hang over the edge of a table with the back of the hand facing downwards. Holding a weight, slowly move your hand up and down while supporting the arm with the good hand.

Stretching is carried out in the following way: stretch the muscle group for 3-5 seconds. Relax for 3-5 seconds. The muscle group should subsequently be stretched for 20 seconds. The muscle is allowed to be tender, but must not hurt. Relax for 20 seconds, after which the procedure can be repeated. The time consumed for stretching, coordination and strength training can be altered depending on the training opportunities available and individual requirements.

KONDITION

step3

Chronic compartment syndrome

[Back]

Training ladder for:
CHRONIC COMPARTMENT SYNDROME IN THE FOREARM
(CHRONIC KOMPARTMENTSYNDROM)

STEP 3
KONDITION
Unlimited: Cycling. Swimming. Running.

UDSPÆNDING
(20 min)

Stand with outstretched arm by your side with fist lightly clenched. Rotate your arm so that the thumb is drawn inwards and backwards as far as possible. Bend your wrist as far as it can go, so that the back of the hand faces downwards. Hold the position for 20 seconds and relax for 20 seconds before repeating.

Go down on all fours with your fingers and elbow facing towards the knees. Your arms should be outstretched. Move your body backwards so that increased stretching is felt in the forearm. Hold the position for 20 seconds and relax for 20 seconds before repeating.

Sit at a table with the injured arm hanging over the edge with the palm facing downwards. Use the other arm to apply pressure on the back of the injured hand so that the injured lower arm becomes increasingly stretched on the upper side. Repeat the exercise where the injured hand is alternately pressed from side to side. The injured arm should finally be turned over and the exercise repeated by pressing the underside of the hand so that the injured lower arm becomes increasingly stretched on the under side. The stretching positions should be held for 20 seconds followed by 20 seconds of rest before repeating.

Bend your wrist up as far as possible and press with the opposite hand. Hold the position for 20 seconds. Repeat the exercise pressing the wrist downwards. Hold the position for 20 seconds.

Press your hands together and lift your elbows while holding your arms in front of your chest. Hold the position for 20 seconds and relax for 20 seconds before repeating.

STYRKE
(40 min)

Using an elastic band around the back of the injured hand, move the wrist upwards while keeping the elastic taut.

Sit at a table with the side of the injured hand resting on the table edge. Place the elastic around the thumb, draw it downwards over the back of the hand and hold with the good hand. Slowly rotate the lower arm from side to side to stretch the elastic.

Let the injured hand hang over the edge of a table with the palm facing downwards. Move the hand slowly up and down while holding a weight. Support the injured arm with the good arm.

Lie on your back with support at the elbow. Slowly bend and stretch the elbow while holding a weight.

Squeeze a soft ball.

Put an elastic band around your fingers. Spread your fingers so that the elastic is stretched.

Stretching is carried out in the following way: stretch the muscle group for 3-5 seconds. Relax for 3-5 seconds. The muscle group should subsequently be stretched for 20 seconds. The muscle is allowed to be tender, but must not hurt. Relax for 20 seconds, after which the procedure can be repeated. The time consumed for stretching, coordination and strength training can be altered depending on the training opportunities available and individual requirements.

KONDITION

step2

Chronic compartment syndrome

[Back]

Training ladder for:
CHRONIC COMPARTMENT SYNDROME IN THE FOREARM
(CHRONIC KOMPARTMENTSYNDROM)

STEP 2
KONDITION
Unlimited: Cycling. Swimming. Running.

UDSPÆNDING
(20 min)

Stand with outstretched arm by your side with fist lightly clenched. Rotate your arm so that the thumb is drawn inwards and backwards as far as possible. Bend your wrist as far as it can go, so that the back of the hand faces downwards. Hold the position for 20 seconds and relax for 20 seconds before repeating.

Go down on all fours with your fingers and elbow facing towards the knees. Your arms should be outstretched. Move your body backwards so that increased stretching is felt in the forearm. Hold the position for 20 seconds and relax for 20 seconds before repeating.

Sit at a table with the injured arm hanging over the edge with the palm facing downwards. Use the other arm to apply pressure on the back of the injured hand so that the injured lower arm becomes increasingly stretched on the upper side. Repeat the exercise where the injured hand is alternately pressed from side to side. The injured arm should finally be turned over and the exercise repeated by pressing the underside of the hand so that the injured lower arm becomes increasingly stretched on the under side. The stretching positions should be held for 20 seconds followed by 20 seconds of rest before repeating.

Bend your wrist up as far as possible and press with the opposite hand. Hold the position for 20 seconds. Repeat the exercise pressing the wrist downwards. Hold the position for 20 seconds.

Press your hands together and lift your elbows while holding your arms in front of your chest. Hold the position for 20 seconds and relax for 20 seconds before repeating.

STYRKE
(40 min)

Sit at a table with the injured hand over the edge and the palm facing upwards. Use the good hand to place slight pressure on the injured hand and hold the position for 10 seconds. Rest for 10 seconds before repeating.

Sit at a table with your hand over the edge and the palm facing downwards. Using the good hand apply slight pressure to the injured hand and hold the position for 10 seconds. Relax for 10 seconds before repeating.

Squeeze a soft ball.

Put an elastic band around your fingers. Spread your fingers so that the elastic is stretched.

Curl a tea towel with outstretched arms.

Stretching is carried out in the following way: stretch the muscle group for 3-5 seconds. Relax for 3-5 seconds. The muscle group should subsequently be stretched for 20 seconds. The muscle is allowed to be tender, but must not hurt. Relax for 20 seconds, after which the procedure can be repeated. The time consumed for stretching, coordination and strength training can be altered depending on the training opportunities available and individual requirements.

KONDITION

step1

Chronic compartment syndrome

[Back]

Training ladder for:
CHRONIC COMPARTMENT SYNDROME IN THE FOREARM
(CHRONIC KOMPARTMENTSYNDROM)

STEP 1
The indications of time after stretching, coordination training and strength training show the division of time for the respective type of training when training for a period of one hour. The time indications are therefore not a definition of the daily training needs, as the daily training is determined on an individual basis.

KONDITION
Unlimited: Cycling. Running.

UDSPÆNDING
(20 min)

Stand with outstretched arm by your side with fist lightly clenched. Rotate your arm so that the thumb is drawn inwards and backwards as far as possible. Bend your wrist as far as it can go, so that the back of the hand faces downwards. Hold the position for 20 seconds and relax for 20 seconds before repeating.

Go down on all fours with your fingers and elbow facing towards the knees. Your arms should be outstretched. Move your body backwards so that increased stretching is felt in the forearm. Hold the position for 20 seconds and relax for 20 seconds before repeating.

Sit at a table with the injured arm hanging over the edge with the palm facing downwards. Use the other arm to apply pressure on the back of the injured hand so that the injured lower arm becomes increasingly stretched on the upper side. Repeat the exercise where the injured hand is alternately pressed from side to side. The injured arm should finally be turned over and the exercise repeated by pressing the underside of the hand so that the injured lower arm becomes increasingly stretched on the under side. The stretching positions should be held for 20 seconds followed by 20 seconds of rest before repeating.

Bend your wrist up as far as possible and press with the opposite hand. Hold the position for 20 seconds. Repeat the exercise pressing the wrist downwards. Hold the position for 20 seconds.

Press your hands together and lift your elbows while holding your arms in front of your chest. Hold the position for 20 seconds and relax for 20 seconds before repeating.

STYRKE
(40 min)

Sit at a table with the injured hand on a ball and roll slowly from side to side.

Sit at a table with the injured hand over the edge with the palm facing upwards. Bend and stretch the wrist.

Sit at a table with the injured hand over the edge with the palm facing downwards. Bend and stretch the wrist.

Sit at a table with the injured hand on a ball and roll slowly backwards and forwards.

Sit at a table with your hand over the edge and the palm facing downwards. Using the good hand apply slight pressure to the injured hand and hold the position for 10 seconds. Relax for 10 seconds before repeating.

Stretching is carried out in the following way: stretch the muscle group for 3-5 seconds. Relax for 3-5 seconds. The muscle group should subsequently be stretched for 20 seconds. The muscle is allowed to be tender, but must not hurt. Relax for 20 seconds, after which the procedure can be repeated. The time consumed for stretching, coordination and strength training can be altered depending on the training opportunities available and individual requirements.

treatment-article

Chronic compartment syndrome

SportNetDoc

Common compartment syndromes in athletes. Treatment and rehabilitation.

Hutchinson MR, Ireland ML. Sports Med 1994 Mar;17(3):200-8.

Compartment syndromes in athletes are rare, but they can also be limb-threatening events. Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is a less emergent form where symptoms recur with repetitive loading or exertional activities. CECS is the most common form of compartment syndrome seen in athletes. Acute compartment syndromes may also occur in athletes secondary to direct trauma or may develop from pre-existing CECS. The leg is by far the most common site of compartment syndrome in athletes. The thigh, forearm, and foot are the next most common sites, although any fascially limited compartment can be affected. Awareness of the clinical presentation and pathophysiology of compartment syndromes can help the examiner make a prompt and accurate diagnosis. The treatment of acute compartment syndrome is emergent while the treatment of CECS is not. Conservative treatment and rehabilitation can be successful in treating CECS. Acute compartment syndromes must be treated immediately with surgical decompression. With CECS, if conservative treatment fails, surgical decompression is also indicated. Some authors have suggested that the results of surgical fasciotomy and rate of return to sport for athletes with CECS has not been uniform. If the diagnosis is accurate and carefully documented, a high degree of success with athletes returning to sport can be expected.

cause-article

Inflammation of the bursa

SportNetDoc

Cubital bursitis.

Karanjia ND, Stiles PJ. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1988 Nov;70(5):832-3.

We describe two cases of bursitis at the insertion of the biceps tendon. They presented as swellings in the cubital fossa with symptoms of median nerve irritation. The aetiology was probably mechanical trauma; both patients were cured by operation.